Audit trail

A dispute is a question about the past. The audit trail is the record of the past: entries written once, sealed in order, so a contested result is settled from the record rather than from a recount.

Board-2026 Election day, 16 Oct 2026
08:47:00SYS ELECTION.OPEN from datesOK
09:00:02M-0471 OTP.VERIFY single useOK
09:01:26M-0471 VOTE.CAST txn 8fa21cACCEPTED
09:04:02M-0472 VOTE.CAST device D-7713DENIED
09:07:44M-0998 RATE.LIMIT after 5 failsLOCKED
11:30:12SYS RESULTS.SEAL final tallyOK
14:05:38A-005 AUDIT.EXPORT 16,116 rowsOK
14:06:02A-005 AUDIT.VERIFY chain intactOK

Server clock, device fingerprint and outcome on every row. Illustrative sample.

  • Append-only by design Entries are written once. There is no interface to edit or delete an event; corrections are added as a new entry that references the old one, exactly like an accounts ledger.
  • Hash chaining Each entry seals the entry before it, so an altered or removed row breaks the chain at that point and shows up immediately.
  • Controlled access Super administrators see the full trail, branch registrars see their own scope, and results officers are read-only. Every read of the log is itself logged.
  • Export and retention Trails export to CSV with a recorded checksum, and report extracts print on your letterhead for the minutes.

What the log does and does not prove

It proves, to the second, which credentials were used, from which device, and what the system did in response.

It does not, by itself, prove who was physically holding the handset. Committees weigh that limit alongside member testimony and say so in the ruling.

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